What occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle?

During the S phase of the cell cycle, DNA synthesis occurs as the cell prepares for division. This phase is crucial for the replication of the cell's genetic material, ensuring that each daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.

In this phase, the entire genome is duplicated to produce two complete sets of DNA. This process is meticulously regulated and involves several key proteins and enzymes that help unwind the DNA strands, create new complementary strands, and ensure the accuracy of the replication to prevent mutations. Successful completion of the S phase is essential for the subsequent phases of the cell cycle, particularly mitosis, where the duplicated chromosomes are evenly distributed into the daughter cells.

Understanding that DNA synthesis is a highly orchestrated process that prepares the cell for division highlights its fundamental role in growth, development, and maintenance of cellular function.