What can lead to the dysregulation of microRNAs in cancer?

Mutations in gene structure can lead to the dysregulation of microRNAs in cancer by altering the genes responsible for their synthesis or function. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. If mutations occur in the genes that encode for these microRNAs or in their target genes, it can disrupt the balanced expression and function of microRNAs, potentially leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation, metastasis, or resistance to cell death. This dysregulation plays a significant role in the development and progression of cancer, as microRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, depending on their targets. Consequently, any mutation affecting their expression can contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer-related changes in cellular behavior.